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Raw corrected (L1A)

L1A sample image

Product description

The L1A Product is a raw, but corrected product from Satellogic’s products family. It is composed by the raw frames that have been radiometrically corrected along with the necessary metadata.

The algorithms applied to the L0 data to convert it into L1A are: - Artifacts removals - PSF Deconvolution - Radiometric correction to Top of the atosmphere units - HDR (combining 2 L0 frames with different exposures, only on Mark V) - Stray light correction - NO-data and cloud mask calculation

Given the nature of our payload design and operations, the L1A product is a set of overlapping frames, each with 4 areas corresponding to each of the RGBNir bands of the sensor.

Each of the frames is 16-bit single band Grayscale GeoTIFF. The GeoTiff location is coarsly defined by the onboard satellite telemetry to help with the fine location process. Each of the frames contains 4 regions, corresponding to the blue, green, red, and NIR bands. The order of the bands is different for Mark IV and Mark V satellites, as the following images demonstrate:

Mark IV Mark V
drawing drawing

The size of frames also varies by platform being 5120x5120 for Mark IV and 9344x7000 for Mark V, as also visible in the images above.

The exact pixel positions where each band starts and ends in the frame vary slightly between satellites and can be found in the metadata file for each frame.

Technical characteristics

Parameter

Mark IV

Mark V
Spectral bands

Blue : 450 - 510 nm
Green: 510 - 580 nm
Red : 590 - 690 nm
NIR : 750 - 900 nm

Blue : 450 - 517 nm
Green: 517 - 583 nm
Red : 597 - 690 nm
NIR : 759 - 890 nm

Frame size

5120 x 5120 pix

7000 x 9344 pix

GSD

1.03m 1

0.73m 1
Swath

5.2 Km 1

6.9 Km 1
Image bit depth

16 bit scaled TOA (0-10000)

⁠
Algorithms applied

Artifacts removal, PSF deconvolution, stray light correciton, radiometric correction, HDR (optional)

⁠
Geolocation Accuracy

<= 300m TBC CE90

⁠
Image format

GeoTiff, LZW loseless compression

⁠
Ancilliary files

Metadata (JSON), preview (PNG), thumbnail (PNG), cloud mask (TIF), cloud_statistics (CSV)

⁠

STAC item

Assets

Each L1A product/stac item, contains following assets/components

  1. thumbnail
  2. preview
  3. analytic
  4. cloud mask
  5. cloud stadistics
  6. toa_factors
  7. metadata

Non documented assets should be ignored.

All assets follow the same basename template.

{DATE}_{TIME}_{SECOND_DECIMALS}_SN{SATELLITE}_{PRODUCT}_{PAYLOAD}_{SUFFIX}.{EXTENSION}

  • DATE: Year(4 digits)month(2 digits)day(2 digits)
  • TIME: Hour(2 digits)minute(2 digits)second(2 digits)
  • SECOND_DECIMALS: All the decimal part from the timestamp seconds
  • SATELLITE: Satellite number
  • PRODUCT: L1A
  • PAYLOAD: MS for multispectral (4 bands)
  • SUFFIX: depends on the asset, can be empty.
  • EXTENSION: depends on the asset type.

All time values refer to the capture time in UTC. Hence the string 20220619_153346_938represent actually 2022-06-19 15:33:46.938.

Raster, preview and thumbnail

The full resolution raster as well as downsampled versions for preview and thumbnails.

drawing drawing drawing







Cloud mask

drawing The mask is a single band GeoTiff. The values of the raster represent different cloud data as follows:

  • 0: nodata
  • 1: valid_data
  • 128: shadow_data
  • 255: cloud



Cloud statistics

The cloud statistics csv files contains a description of the detected cloud and saturated pixel count for each individual band. For example

scene_id band detected_cloud_coverage saturation
SL-newsat43-20240527T030147882889Z-micro-L1A-0.14.4 blue 0.0 7.05
SL-newsat43-20240527T030147882889Z-micro-L1A-0.14.4 green 0.0 0.00
SL-newsat43-20240527T030147882889Z-micro-L1A-0.14.4 nir 0.0 2.78
SL-newsat43-20240527T030147882889Z-micro-L1A-0.14.4 red 0.0 0.00

TOA Factors

The L1A product is calibrated into Top Of Atmosphere units. L1A frames are in units of reflectance which are a 0-100% value. In order to fit them in a standard Tiff file, the decimal percentage mapped to 0-10000 units. In order to convert it to radiance, calibration factors are included in the TOA_factors.json file in the toa_reflectance_to_radiance field as can be seen in the following example.

{
    "radiance_units": "W / (m^2 . nm . sr)",
    "toa_reflectance_to_radiance": {
        "blue": 2.3587899599526496,
        "green": 2.5087676303983786,
        "nir": 4.099456322455012,
        "red": 2.8611134377357574
    },
    "reflectance_scale_factor": {
        "blue": 0.0001,
        "green": 0.0001,
        "nir": 0.0001,
        "red": 0.0001
    }
}
*Non documented parameters should be ignored.

Metadata Asset

Field Name Description Example
Attachments Reserved for internal use. 
{
    "file_name": "20241001_124204_866_SN30_L1A_MS_burnt_pixels_mask.tif",
    "metadata": {},
    "name": "burnt_pixels_mask",
    "type": "internal",
    "url": "../20241001_124204_866_SN30_L1A_MS_burnt_pixels_mask.tif"
}
footprint The estimated footprint of the individual frame. Each coordinate is a longitude/latitude pair. Together they define a closed loop. 
{
    "type": "Polygon",
    "coordinates": [
        [
            [15.115170031610152, -23.518794742780624],
            [15.158185734842615, -23.526282398012047],
            [15.149905529193973, -23.564663684514922],
            [15.106889825961508, -23.557178214316675],
            [15.115170031610152, -23.518794742780624]
        ]
    ]
}
last_modified Timestamp when the product was last processed. 
2024-10-01T13:06:39.789463+00:00
metadata → advance_vector The advance vector of the satellite. Either 1 (when the satellite advances with its body +Y face) or -1 (when the satellite advances with its body -Y face). 
1
metadata → binning Low level configuration for sensor binning. 
[1, 1]
metadata → camera Internal camera name. 
micro
metadata → clouds_percentage Percentage of frame covered by clouds. 
0.15
metadata → exposure_sec Exposure time in seconds. 
0.00147375
metadata → frame_index Internal assigned index to the individual frame in the capture. 
195
metadata → gsd Ground Sampling Distance (in meters). Greatest value from metadata -> gsd_x and metadata -> gsd_y reported. 
0.87
metadata → gsd_x Ground Sampling Distance in x direction (in meters). Average value at the center of the frame. 
0.87
metadata → gsd_y Ground Sampling Distance in y direction (in meters). Average value at the center of the frame. 
0.84
metadata → image_dimensions Dimension of frame in pixels. 
{
    "height": 5120,
    "width": 5120
}
metadata → last_modified Timestamp when the product was last processed. 
2024-10-01T13:04:21.946155+00:00
metadata → metrics Internal Use 
"lsub0": {}
metadata → nss_version Internal satellite specs database version. 
0.75.0
metadata → parent_scene_id Scene ID of Parent Item (In this case L0) 
20241001_124204_866_SN30_L0_MS
metadata → payload Options are MS for multispectral and HS for hyperspectral. 
MS
metadata → product_metadata → bands Position and information of each of the bands present on the raw frame. Only blue band given as example but all band info has same format. Information is given for "blue" , "green" , "nir" and "red". The "band_indices" are zero-indexed pixel locations in the frame and indicate a semi open interval [y_min, y_max]. 
{
"blue": {
    "band_field_of_view": {
        "x_fov": 0.6286165523911111,
        "y_fov": 0.13652765747244444
    },
    "band_indices": {
        "y_max": 5075,
        "y_min": 3964
    },
    "center_of_band": {
        "cob_x_px": 2560,
        "cob_y_px": 4520
    }
  }
}
metadata → product_metadata → category Internal identification of the capture. Possible values: (production, engineering, no_process) 
production
metadata → product_metadata → frames Internal Use 
[]
metadata → product_metadata → rois Internal data describing the captured ROIs by the sensor. 
[
    {
    "bitmask": "ALL",
    "coord": [0, 0, 5119, 5119],
    "roi_id": 0
    }
]
metadata → product_metadata → satellite Internal satellite serial number. Format: FM<sat_id> 
FM32
metadata → product_metadata → satellite_serial_number Internal satellite serial number. Format: FM<sat_id> 
FM32
metadata → product_metadata → time_range Start and end timestamps, in Unix time format, for the entire associated capture. 
[
    1727786522.420183,
    1727786528.019939
]
metadata → product_version_L0 Product Version for L0 aligned with ICD version. 
1.0.0
metadata → product_version_L1A Product Version for L1A aligned with ICD version. 
1.0.0
metadata → satellite_attitude_calculated_ecef2body The estimated satellite attitude with respect to ECEF. Same as metadata → telemetry → satellite_attitude_calculated_ecef2body. 
[
    0.6617749437400468,
    0.33208852842525194,
    -0.44960407955915377,
    -0.49962716576460797
]
metadata → satellite_generation Satellite generation category, mainly to differentiate between MarkIV and MarkV. Same as metadata → model. 
MarkIV
metadata → model Satellite generation category, mainly to differentiate between MarkIV and MarkV. 
MarkIV
metadata → satellite_position_calculated_ecef The position of the satellite with respect to ECEF. Values are X/Y/Z positions in meters. See also: metadata → telemetry → satellite_posvel. 
[
    6012979.7371040005,
    1523837.439984,
    -2681023.48782
]
metadata → sensor_position Sensor position for the frame, in millimeters. 
{
    "pos_x": 0.0,
    "pos_y": 0.0,
    "pos_z": 0.0
}
metadata → software_version_L0 Internal software version for L0 parent product used to process the product. 
0.6.3
metadata → software_version_L1A Internal software version for L1a used to process the product. 
0.15.1
metadata → source_frame_type Reserved for future internal use. 
standard
metadata → subsampling Sensor level configuration for subsampling. 
[1, 1]
metadata → telemetry → attitude → ecef2body Satellite attitude information, currently contains only the ecef2body data. 
[
    0.6617749437400468,
    0.33208852842525194,
    -0.44960407955915377,
    -0.49962716576460797
]
metadata → telemetry → body2sensor_quaternion The satellite body to sensor quaternion (for MSI / HSI). Default identity value if calibration isn’t performed. 
{
"qi": -0.0012972240863929375,
"qj": 0.0009388672449488652,
"qk": 0.005374776818772846,
"qr": 0.999984273632398
}
metadata → telemetry → estimated_error The estimated errors of the measurements provided in this document in deg, deg, deg, m, m 
{
"payload_attitude_pitch_error": 0.004539493216154901,
"payload_attitude_roll_error": 0.004256778246143252,
"payload_attitude_yaw_error": 0.004244614056092482,
"satellite_altitude_error": 47.2,
"satellite_position_error_xyz": 47
}
metadata → telemetry → location_calculated The longitude/latitude/altitude of the boresight, calculated. 
[
    15.137548,
    -23.54195,
    597536
]
metadata → telemetry → payload_attitude LVLH (“Local Vertical Local Horizontal” reference frame) to Payload. The rotation between the Payload Reference Frame and Orbit Reference. 
{
"pitch": 13.57006407602525,
"qi": 0.09506036382113325,
"qj": 0.0727520162204592,
"qk": 0.6818541228632522,
"qr": 0.7216270688523518,
"roll": 2.2393771906085735,
"yaw": 86.48701411730309
}
metadata → telemetry → payload_attitude_ecef The estimated payload attitude with respect to ECEF. Roll/pitch/yaw are angles in degrees; qi/qj/qk/qr are the attitude quaternion. 
{
"pitch": 15.802253367098107,
"qi": -0.32900242113190187,
"qj": 0.45068687626615067,
"qk": 0.4967473404425208,
"qr": 0.6647411723476201,
"roll": -66.91502704371982,
"yaw": 84.01983057758471
}
metadata → telemetry → position → gps_ecef_meter Satellite position information, currently contains only the gps_ecef_meter data (position with respect to ECEF). 
[
    6012979.7371040005,
    1523837.439984,
    -2681023.48782
]
metadata → telemetry → satellite_altitude The satellite altitude at the moment of the capture, in meters. 
382896.60
metadata → telemetry → satellite_attitude_calculated_ecef2body The estimated satellite attitude with respect to ECEF. Calculated using internal tools. 
{
"qi": 0.33208852842525194,
"qj": -0.44960407955915377,
"qk": -0.49962716576460797,
"qr": 0.6617749437400468
}
metadata → telemetry → satellite_nadir The estimated Nadir point in WGS84 at the moment of the capture. 
{
    "latitude": -23.506943305431854,
    "longitude": 14.220771279251512
}
metadata → telemetry → satellite_posvel The position and velocity of the satellite with respect to ECEF. 
{
"pos_x": 6012979.7371040005,
"pos_y": 1523837.439984,
"pos_z": -2681023.48782,
"vel_x": -2544.52083428125,
"vel_y": -2224.1147652851564,
"vel_z": -6980.149495113282
}
metadata → valid_pixel Percentage of pixels that are valid, from 0 to 100. 
87.22
productname The product name 
L1A
rasters Reserved for internal use. 
{
    "bands": [
        "raw"
    ],
    "file_name": "20241001_124204_866_SN30_L1A_MS_analytic.tiff",
    "source": "internal",
    "url": "../tmp/output/image_20241001-124204-866_0195.tiff"
}
satellite_class The satellite class this individual frame is from. 
NewSat
satellite_name The name of the satellite that took this frame. Format: newsat<N>, with N>0 
newsat30
scene_id The ID of the individual frame this metadata file corresponds to. 
20241001_124204_866_SN30_L1A_MS
sceneset_id The UUID of the entire capture this individual frame is part of. 
7b4d2542-07ab-47c4-a413-a053bb2aaa51
supplier The name of the supplier of the imagery. 
Satellogic
timestamp The timestamp of the corresponding individual frame, in ISO8601 
2024-09-02T12:51:09.614415+00:00
metadata → sun_azimuth Sun azimuth angle. From the scene center point on the ground, this is the angle between truth north and the sun. Measured clockwise in degrees (0-360). 
302.950614861444
metadata → sun_elevation The estimated sun elevation measured at the target at the moment of the capture. Value in degrees. 
56
metadata → viewing_azimuth Viewing azimuth angle. The angle measured from the sub-satellite point (point on the ground below the platform) between the scene center and true north. Measured clockwise from north in degrees (0-360). 
168.7509986841136
metadata → incidence_angle The incidence angle is the angle between the vertical (normal) to the intercepting surface and the line of sight back to the satellite at the scene center. Measured in degrees (0-90). In case this angle cannot be computed, a value of -1 will be reported. 
14.49134335756983
metadata → off_nadir Offnadir expressed in degrees. In case this angle cannot be computed, a value of -1 will be reported. 
13.649393326775941

Item metadata

The L1A product can be found in our STAC archives. Each frame of a capture is a single Item in the corresponding collection. The following metadata and assets are available for each

The following table shows the description of each field and an example corresponding to the capture used in previous section. (see STAC Common Metadata)

Prefix Field Name Description Example
n/a id Unique identifier for the STAC item 
20250930_025801_143_SN45_L1A_MS_1_0_0
n/a bbox Item bounding box 
[
  119.56896495671906,
  23.62805912936759,
  119.65730868533569,
  23.690097800133774
],
n/a assets List of the assets available for a given item 
{
  "preview": {
      "href": "link to the file",
      "type": "image/png",
      "roles": [
          "overview"
      ]
  },
  "analytic": {...},
  "metadata": {...},
  "thumbnail": {...},
  "internal_metrics": {...}
}
n/a collection Collection name 
l1a
properties gsd Ground sample distance in meters 
0.90
properties proj : shape Dimension of image in pixels (Height x Width) 
[7000, 9344]
properties platform Satellite name 
newsat45
properties instruments Options are MS for multispectral and HS for hyperspectral 
ms
properties view : azimuth Viewing azimuth angle. The angle measured from the sub-satellite point (point on the ground below the platform) between the scene center and true north. Measured clockwise from north in degrees (0-360) 
166.1138
properties view : off_nadir The angle from the sensor between nadir (straight down) and the scene center. Measured in degrees (0-90). In case this angle cannot be computed, a value of -1 will be reported 
24.9490
properties view : sun_elevation The estimated sun elevation measured at the target at the moment of the capture. Value in degrees. 
60
properties view : sun_azimuth Sun azimuth angle. From the scene center point on the ground, this is the angle between truth north and the sun. Measured clockwise in degrees (0-360) 
72.3332
properties satl : outcome_id The UUID of the entire capture this individual frame is part of 
ffbabb4f-3a97-45ec-bca3-0e4d56608c1c
properties satl : satellite_generation Satellite generation category, mainly to differentiate between MarkIV and MarkV 
MarkV
properties satl : nss_version Internal satellite specs database version 
0.89.6
properties satl : valid_pixel Percentage of pixels that are valid, from 0 to 100 
100
properties satl : exposure_sec Exposure time of capture in seconds 
0.002769
properties satl : product_name The product name 
L1A
properties satl : last_modified Timestamp when the product was last processed 
2025-09-30T04:30:38.122305+00:00
properties satl : transaction_id Internal processing transaction identifier 
l1a-pipeline-cw5td
properties satl : product_version Product Version aligned with ICD version 
1.0.0
properties satl : software_version Internal software version used to process the product 
0.6.22
properties satl : satellite_altitude Satellite altitude in meters 
498240.1195991831
properties eo : cloud_cover" Percentage of the image covered by clouds 
6.37
properties satl-qa : dr_blue Dynamic Range for the blue band2, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
96.728
properties satl-qa : dr_green Dynamic Range for the green band2, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
123.545
properties satl-qa : dr_red Dynamic Range for the red band2, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
150.386
properties satl-qa : dr_nir Dynamic Range for the NIR band2, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
81.207
properties satl-qa : snr_blue Signal To Noise Ratio for the blue band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
64.353
properties satl-qa : snr_green Signal To Noise Ratio for the green band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
56.291
properties satl-qa : snr_red Signal To Noise Ratio for the red band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
38.133
properties satl-qa : snr_nir Signal To Noise Ratio for the NIR band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
23.073
properties satl-qa : burnt_blue Burnt pixels percentage for the blue band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
0
properties satl-qa : burnt_green Burnt pixels percentage for the green band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
0
properties satl-qa : burnt_red Burnt pixels percentage for the red band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
0
properties satl-qa : burnt_nir Burnt pixels percentage for the NIR band, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
0
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_act_blue Full Width Half Maximum across-track value in pixels for blue band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
-999
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_act_green Full Width Half Maximum across-track value in pixels for green band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
3.675
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_act_red Full Width Half Maximum across-track value in pixels for red band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
3.241
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_act_nir Full Width Half Maximum across-track value in pixels for NIR band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
-999
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_alt_blue Full Width Half Maximum along-track value in pixels for blue band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
-999
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_alt_green Full Width Half Maximum along-track value in pixels for green band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
3.008
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_alt_red Full Width Half Maximum along-track value in pixels for red band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
2.846
properties satl-qa : sharpness_fwhm_alt_nir Full Width Half Maximum along-track value in pixels for NIR band1, In case this metric cannot be computed, a value of -999 will be reported 
-999
properties satl-qa : qa_software_version Quality Control project SW version 
2.11.2
properties satl-insights : lulc_snow Land use/land cover percentage for snow 
0
properties satl-insights : lulc_urban Land use/land cover percentage for urban areas 
8.1
properties satl-insights : lulc_water Land use/land cover percentage for water 
77.3
properties satl-insights : lulc_forest Land use/land cover percentage for forest 
12.6
properties satl-insights : lulc_bareland Land use/land cover percentage for bare land 
0.5
properties satl-insights : lulc_cropland Land use/land cover percentage for cropland 
0
properties satl-insights : lulc_grassland Land use/land cover percentage for grassland 
1.5

Packaging specification

If delivered as a package scene (via S3, FTP, or Zip download link) an L1A capture is packaged in the following format:

Scenes are delivered as a single folder. The file name follow the following format: {DATE}_{TIME}_{SECOND_DECIMALS}_SN{SATELLITE}_{PRODUCT}_{PAYLOAD}_{SUFFIX}.{EXTENSION}, for example like "20241001_124204_866_SN30_L1A_MS".

Inside each package, a flat structure can be found with all corrsponding frames and their associated ancilliary files.

The following files and folders can be found in a typical scene: 

.
├── {date_hour_ms}_SN{sn}_{product_name}_{payload}_cloud_mask.tiff
├── {date_hour_ms}_SN{sn}_{product_name}_{payload}_preview.png
├── {date_hour_ms}_SN{sn}_{product_name}_{payload}_anaytic.tiff
├── {date_hour_ms}_SN{sn}_{product_name}_{payload}_metadata.json
├── {date_hour_ms}_SN{sn}_{product_name}_{payload}_thumbnail.png
├── {date_hour_ms}_SN{sn}_{product_name}_{payload}_toa_factors.json
├── {date_hour_ms}_SN{sn}_{product_name}_{payload}_cloud_statistics.csv

Additionally, every L1A package includes a digital signature to ensure data authenticity and integrity. Each package contains a manifest file and cryptographic signature that allows verification that the delivered data has not been tampered with. Learn more about Digital Signature verification.

Known issues

Payload related issues

Changelog

Version Release date Change log
1.1.0 17/11/2025
    Changed
  • Renamed TOA factors asset fields for clarity:
    • radiance_to_reflectance → removed
    • toa_reflectance_to_radiance → added
    • reflectance_scale_factor → added
  • Changed convention of view:azimuth to, the angle measured from the satellite point (point on the ground below the platform) between the scene center and true north. Measured clockwise from north in degrees (0-360). As defined in STAC View extension
ICD 1.0.0 03/09/2024
  • Initial release

Imagery End User Rights Agreement and Terms of Use

All imagery products are delivered under Satellogic Imagery End User License Agreement. The terms and conditions of the agreement are available to customers and accessible online on the website under License Agreement.

  1. See Sharpness. Due to the provisional use of a feature mask that may fail to mask textured clouds, the reported sharpness metric should be considered fully reliable only in frames without cloud cover. A proper cloud mask implementation is pending. ↩↩↩↩

  2. Detailed documentation pending. ↩